A Beginner's Guide to the Forex :
The 10 Keys to Successful Trading
By : Mahade Hasan
Introduction
A Trader's Mission and Goal
It is the mission of the trader to become a long-term, financially successful trader. This can be achieved
when the trader adopts and accepts The 10 Keys of Successful Trading. A trader must commit to live by
three disciplines to become a successful trader.
Three Disciplines of Successful Traders
1. A trader must believe in The 10 Keys to Successful Trading and merge them into their
personality. Success depends on creating a trading plan, and maintaining the discipline to TRADE
THAT PLAN!
2. A trader must be committed to Continuing Education. Study technical analyses and the
psychology of successful trading. A trader must make logical decisions, void of emotions, while
trading. Learn to trade in control!
3. A trader must map out a sensible equity management plan to ensure a Return On Investment.
Trade no more than 20% of a Margin Account and expose no more than 5% of that account on
any single trade.
Levels of Traders
Level One
Beginner Trader - Studies and paper trades for a minimum of one month with pretend currency, gaining
the experience required to establish a track record of profitable performance.
Level Two
Advanced Beginner - Trades one or two lots with real money, learning to overcome emotions and at the
same time, establishes a track record of making money.
Level Three
Competent Trader - Trades with control over their emotional distractions. Utilizes proper equity
management and achieves a positive financial return.
Level Four
Proficient Trader – Trades with confidence, education and experience. Achieves positive financial
returns.
Level Five
Expert Trader - Instinctively executes profitable trades without emotion.
Chapter 1
What is the Forex?
● Forex = Foreign Currency Exchange
● You can trade 24-hours a day
● The Forex is larger than all other financial markets COMBINED
The Foreign Exchange (Forex) Market is a cash, or “spot”, interbank market established in 1971 when
floating exchange rates began to materialize. This market is the arena in which the currency of one
country is exchanged for those of another, and where international business is settled.
The Forex is a group of approximately thousands of currency trading institutions that include
international banks, government central banks, and commercial companies. Payments for exports and
imports flow through the Foreign Exchange Market, as well as payments for purchases and sales of
assets. This is called the “Consumer Foreign Exchange Market.” There is also a “speculator” segment in
the Forex Market. Speculators have great financial exposure to overseas economies participating in the
Forex to offset the risks of international investing.
Historically, the Forex Interbank Market was not open to small speculators. With a previous, minimum
transaction size, and often stringent financial requirements, the small trader was excluded from
participation in this market. Today, Market Maker brokers are allowed to break down the larger
interbank units and offer small traders the opportunity to buy or sell any number of these smaller units
(lots).
Commercial Banks play two roles in the Forex Market:
(1) They facilitate transactions between two parties. For example, two companies wishing to exchange
different currencies would seek the help of a commercial bank.
(2) They speculate by buying and selling currencies. The banks take positions on certain currencies
because they believe they will be worth more if, “long”, or less if, “short”, in the future. It has been
estimated that international banks generate up to 70% of their revenues from currency speculation.
“Other” speculators include many of the worlds’ most successful traders, like George Soros.
The Forex also includes central banks from various countries, like the U.S. Federal Reserve. They
participate in the Forex to serve the financial interests of their country. When a central bank buys and
sells its own or a foreign currency, the purpose is to stabilize their own country’s currency value.
The Forex is so large and is composed of so many participants, that no one player, not even the
government central banks, can control the market. In comparison to the daily trading volume averages
of the $300 billion U.S. Treasury Bond market and the approximately $100 billion exchanged in the U.S.
stock markets, the Forex is huge, and has grown in excess of $4 trillion daily.
The word “market” is a misnomer describing Forex trading. Unlike other markets, there is not a
centralized location for trading activity. Currency trading takes place via the Internet or over the phone.
A large portion of Forex trading is done by large, international banks. These banks will process
transactions for large companies, governments and their own accounts. These banks continually provide
prices (“bid” to buy and “ask” to sell) for each other and the broader market. The market’s current price
of a particular currency is the most recent quotation from one of these banks. The “live” price
information is reported through a variety of private data reporting services and is able via the Internet.
There are numerous advantages to trading on the Forex.
Liquidity
In the Forex Market, there is a buyer and a seller! The Forex absorbs trading volumes and per trade sizes
which dwarf the capacity of any other market. On the simplest level, liquidity is a powerful attraction to
any investor. It suggests the freedom to open or close a position 24 -hours a day.
Once purchased, many other, high-return investments are difficult to sell at will. Forex traders don’t
have to worry about being “stuck” in a position due to lack of market interest. In the nearly $3.5 trillion
U.S. per day market, major international banks have “bid” (buying) and “ask” (selling) prices for
currencies.
Access
The Forex is open 24 hours a day from about 5:00 PM ET Sunday to about 4:00 PM ET Friday. An
individual trader can react to news when it breaks, rather than having to wait for the opening bell of
other markets when everyone else has the same information. This timeliness allows traders to take
positions before the news details are fully factored into the exchange rates. High liquidity and 24 hour
trading permit market participants to take positions, or exit, regardless of the hour. There are Forex
dealers in every time zone and in every major market center; Tokyo, Hong Kong, Sydney, Paris, London,
United States, et al. willing to continually quote "buy" and "sell" prices.
Since no money is left on the market table-referred to as a “Zero Sum Game” or “Zero-Sum Gain”- and
providing the trader picks the right side, money can always be made.
Two-Way Market
Currencies are traded in pairs–for example: Euro/Dollar (EUR/USD), Dollar/Yen (USD/JPY) or
Dollar/Swiss Franc (USD/CHF). Every position involves the selling of one currency and the buying of
another. If a trader believes the Swiss Franc will appreciate against the Dollar, the trader can sell Dollars
and buy Francs. This position is called "selling short".
If one holds the opposite belief, that trader can buy Dollars and sell Swiss Francs–“buying long”. The
potential for profit exists because there is always movement in the exchange rates (prices). Forex
trading permits the opportunity to capture pips from both rising and falling currency values in relation to
the Dollar. In every currency trading transaction, one side of the pair is always gaining, and the other
side is always losing.
Leverage
Trading on the Forex is done in currency “lots.” Each lot is approximately 100,000 U.S. dollars worth of a
foreign currency. To trade on the Forex market, a Margin Account must be established with a currency
broker. This is, in effect, a bank account into which profits may be deposited and losses may be
deducted. These deposits and deductions are made instantly upon exiting a position.
Brokers have differing Margin Account regulations, with many requiring a $1,000 deposit to “day-trade”
a currency lot. Day-trading is entering and exiting positions during the same trading day. For longer-term
positions, many require a $2,000 per lot deposit. In comparison to trading in stocks and other markets,
which may require a 50% margin account, a Forex speculators' excellent leverage of 1% to 2% of the
$100,000 lot value means the trader can control each lot for one to two cents on the dollar.
Execution Quality
Because the Forex is so liquid, most trades can be executed at the current market price. In all fast
moving markets (stocks, commodities, etc.), slippage is inevitable in all trading, but can be avoided with
some currency brokers' software that informs you of your exact entering price just prior to execution.
You are given the option of avoiding or accepting the slippage. The Forex Market's huge liquidity offers
the ability for high quality execution.
Confirmations of trades are immediate and the Internet trader has only to print a copy of their
computer screen for a written record of all trading activities. Many individuals feel these features of
Internet trading make it safer than using the telephone to trade. Respected firms such as Charles
Schwa b, Quick & Reilly and T.D. Water house offer Internet trading. These companies would not risk
their reputations by offering Internet service if it were not reliable and safe. In the event of a temporary
technical computer problem with the broker’s ordering system, the trader can telephone the broker 24
hours a day to immediately get in or out of a trade.
Internet brokers’ computer systems are protected by firewalls to keep account information from prying
eyes. Account security is a broker’s highest concern. They take multiple steps to eliminate any risk
associated with financial transactions on the Internet.
A Forex Internet trader does not have to speak with a broker by telephone. The elimination of the
middleman (broker/salesman) lowers expenses, makes the process of entering an order faster, and
decreases the possibility of miscommunication.
Execution Costs
Unlike other markets, the Forex generally does not charge commissions. The cost of a trade is
represented in a Bid/Ask spread established by the broker. (Approximately 4 pips)
Trendiness
Over long and short historical periods, currencies have demonstrated substantial and identifiable trends.
Each individual currency has its own “personality,” and offers a unique, historical pattern of trends that
provide diversified trading opportunities within the spot Forex market.
Focus
Instead of attempting to choose a stock, bond, mutual fund, or commodity from the tens of thousands
available in other markets, Forex traders generally focus on one to four currencies. The most common
and most liquid are the US Dollar, Japanese Yen, British Pound, Swiss Franc, Euro and Canadian Dollar.
Highly successful traders have always focused on a limited number of investment options. Beginning
Forex traders will usually focus on one currency and later incorporate one to three more into their
trading activities.
Margin Accounts
Trading on the Forex requires a Margin Account. You are committing to trade and take positions today.
As a speculator trader you will not be taking delivery on the product that you are trading. As a Stock Day
Trader, you would only hold a trading position for a few minutes, up to a few hours, and then you would
need to close out your position by the end of the trading session.
All orders must be placed through a broker. To trade stocks you would need a stockbroker. To trade
currencies you will need a Forex currency broker. Most brokerage firms have different margin
requirements. You need to ask them their margin requirements to trade currencies.
A Margin Account is nothing more than a performance bond. All traders need a Margin Account to
trade. All accounts are settled daily. When you gain profits, they place your profits into your Margin
Account that same day. When you lose money, an account is needed to take out the losses you incurred
that day.
A very important part of trading is taking out some of your winnings or profits. When the time comes to
take out your personal gains from your margin account, all you need to do is contact your broker and
ask them to send you your requested dollar amount. They will send you a check or wire transfer your
money.
Chapter 2
Reading Candlestick Charts
In the Seventeenth Century, the Japanese developed a method to analyze the price of rich contracts.
This technique was called "Candlestick Charting." Today, Steven Nison is credited with popularizing the
Candlestick Chart, and is recognized as the leading authority on interpretation of the system.
Candlesticks are graphical representations of the price fluctuations of a product. A candlestick can
represent any period of time. A currency trader’s software can provide charts representing time frames
from five minutes, up to one week per candlestick.
There are no calculations required to interpret Candlestick Charts. They are a simple visual aid
representing price movements in a given time period. Each candlestick reveals four vital pieces of
information; the opening price, the closing price, the highest price and the lowest price the fluctuations
during the time period of the candle. In much the same way as the familiar bar chart, a candle illustrates
a given measure of time. The advantage of candlesticks is that they clearly denote the relationship
between the opening and closing prices.
Because candlesticks display the relationship between the open, high, low and closing prices, they
cannot be used to chart securities that have only closing prices. Interpretation of Candlestick Charts is
based on the analysis of patterns. Currency traders predominantly use the relationship of the highs and
lows of the candlewicks over a given time period. However, Candlestick Charts offer identifiable patterns
that can be used to anticipate price movements.
There are two types of candles: The Bullish Pattern Candle and the Bearish Pattern Candle.
A white (empty body) represents a Bullish Pattern Candle.
It is used/denotes when prices open near the low price and
close near the period’s high price.
A black (filled body) represents a Bearish Pattern Candle.
It is used/signifies when prices open near the high price and
close near the period’s low price.
Bullish Candlestick Formations
Hammer
The Hammer is a Bullish Pattern if it appears after a significant downtrend. If the line occurs after a significant uptrend, it is called a Hanging Man. A small body and a long wick identify a Hammer. The body can be clear or filled in.
Piercing Line
This is a Bullish Pattern.The first candle is a ling, Bear candle followed by a long Bull candle. The Bull candle opens lower than the Bear's low, but closes more than halfway above the middle of the Bear candle's body.
Bullish Engulfing Lines
This pattern is strong Bullish if it occurs after a significant downtrend. It may also serve as a reversal pattern. It occurs when a small Bearish candle is engulfed by a large Bullish candle.
Morning Star
This is a Bullish Pattern signifying a potential botton. The star indicates a possible reversal and the bullish candle confirms this. The Star can be a Bullish or a Bearish candle.
Bullish Doji Star
This is star in dicates a reversal and a Doji indicates indecision. This pattern usually indicates a reversal following an indecisive period. You should wait for a confirmation before trading a Doji Star.
Bearish Candlestick Formations
Long Bearish Candle
A Long Bearish candle occurs when prices open near the high and close lower, near the jow.
Hanging ManThis pattern is Bearish if it occurs after a signify can't uptrend. If this pattern occurs after a significant downtrend, it is called a Hammer. A Hanging Man is identified by small candle bodies and a long wick below the bodies, and can be either Bearish or bullish.
Dark Cloud Cover This is a Bearish Pattern. The pattern is more significant if the second candle's body is below the center of the previous candle's body.
Neutral Candlestick Formations
Spinning Tops This is a neutral pattern that occurs when the distance between the high and low, and the distance between the open and close, are relatively small.
DojiThis candle implies indecision. The open and close are the same.
Double DojiThis candle ( two , adjacent Doji candles) implies that a forceful move will follow a breakout from the current indecision.
Harami
This pattern indicates a decrease in momentum. It occurs when a candle with a small body falls within the area of a larger body. In the given example a Bullish candle with a large body is followed by a small Bearish candle. This implies a decrease in the Bullish momentum.
Reversal Candlestick Formations
Long- legged Doji
This candle often signifies a Turing point. It occurs when the open and close are the same, and the range between the high and the low is relatively large.
Dragonfly DojiThis candle also signifies a turning point. It occurs when the open and close are the same, and the low is significantly lower than the open, high and closing prices.
Gravestone DojiThis candle also signifies a turning point. It occurs when the open, close and low prices are the same, and the high is significantly higher than the open, close and low prices.
StarsStars indicate reversals. A Star is a candle with a small, real body that occurs after a candle with a much larger, real body, where the real bodies do not overlap. The wicks may overlap.
Candlestick Example Charts
Stock charts can also be interpreted using Candlestick Charts
Exercise 1: Circle and identify the Candlestick Formations in the following chart.
Exercise 2: Circle and identify the Candlestick Formations in the following chart.
Answers to the Exercises
Chapter 3
Types of Orders
● Sellers are ASKing for a high price
● Buyers are BIDding at a lower price
● Trading is an auction
● Slippage occurs with most Market Orders
● The difference between the ASK and the BID price is the SPREAD.
A Trader must understand what each order is and what part it plays in capturing pips.
A Forex Trader must use three (3) types of orders: a Market Order, a Limit Order, and a Stop Order.
The two, primary orders used for entering and exiting the Forex market are Limit and Stop Orders. Once
an order is placed, there are two critical procedures: One-Cancels-the-Other (OCO) and Cancel-and-
Replace Orders. Properly understanding the procedures of order execution is a vital step to capturing
pips.
Remember: All good carpenters carry a toolbox. The sharper the tools, and the more skilled the
carpenter is at using them, the more effective they are. The sharper you become as a trader, the more
efficient and lucrative you will be.
Market Orders
A Market Order is an order given to a broker to buy or sell a currency at whatever the market is trading
it for at that moment. The Market Order can be an entry order into the market, or an exit order to get
out of the market. Traders use Market Orders when they are ready to make the commitment to enter or
exit the market. Caution should be exercised when using Market Orders in fast moving markets. During
periods of rapid rallies, or down reactions, gains or losses of many points may occur due to slippage
before receiving the fill.
Trading is an auction where there are buyers bidding on what sellers are offering. The bid is the buy and
the offer to sell is the ask.
Slippage
Slippage is a trade executed between a buyer and seller where the resulting buy or sell transaction is
different than the price seen just prior to order execution. On average, one to six pips will be lost with
Market Orders, perhaps more, due to slippage. Market Orders are rarely filled at the exact, anticipated
price. Market Traders Institute recommends caution when entering or exiting with a Market Order.
Limit Orders
Limit Orders are orders given to a broker to buy or sell currency lots at a certain price or better. The
term "Limit" means exactly what it says. Most of the time, you will buy at that exact limit price or better.
Limit Orders are used to enter and exit the market. They are generally used to acquire a specific price,
avoid slippage and unwanted order fills (execution price), which can happen with Market Orders.
When selling above the market, it is a Limit Order. When buying below the market, it is a Limit Order. A
Limit Order will be executed when the market trades through it. Seventy to ninety percent of the time, if
19
the market is trading at your Limit Order, it will be executed. The market must trade through your
specified Limit Order number to guarantee a fill. The trading software provides notification within
seconds of the fill. A trader does not have to call his broker to see if their order has been filled.
Stop Orders
Stop Orders are orders placed to enter or exit the market at a desired, specific price. When buying
above the market, it is a Stop Order. When selling below the market, it is a Stop Order. Stop Orders turn
into Market Orders when the market trades at that price. Stop Orders, as well as Market Orders, are
subject to slippage, Limit Orders are not.
The majority of Stop Orders are used as protective, Stop Loss Orders. These orders are placed with an
Entry Order to ensure an exit when the market goes against you. A good trader never trades without a
protective Stop Loss Order. They are orders executed to get you out of the market when your trade has
gone against you. Protective Stops are discussed in depth in the Ultimate Traders Package on Demand.
One-Cancels-the-Other (OCO)
Whenever entering the market, exiting the market at some future time is required. An OCO order is a
procedure that means "one-cancels-the-other." Upon entering the market, place a protective Stop Loss
Order and establish a projected profit target. That projected profit target can be your Limit Order.
If you simultaneously place both Limit and Stop Loss Orders when you enter the market, you can OCO
them and walk away from your computer. What does that mean? At some future point in time, either
your Stop Order or Limit Order will automatically cancel your opposing order. If the trader is sure about
a trade, they can execute an OCO order and walk away from the trade. The trading software will then
manage the trade.
Cancel/Replace Orders
A Cancel/Replace Order is a procedure and not an Entry or Exit Order. By definition, it is when the trader
cancels an existing open order and replaces it with a new order. A Cancel/Replace order is primarily a
strategy of trading and predominately used after one has taken a position in the market and wants to
stay in the market locking in profit. For example, you buy Swiss at 1.410. Your protective Stop Loss Order
is 1.390. The market moves in the direction you projected. Now, you want to reduce your potential loss.
So, cancel your Stop Order at 1.390 and replace it to 1.410 where you got in. You are now in a trade with
no risk! As the market moves further North, in your direction, you want to lock in more profit. You can
cancel your 1.410 Stop Loss Order and replace it with a new 1.440 Stop Loss Order. You have captured
30 pips. You are in an all-win, no-risk trade. Keep canceling and replacing your Stop until you are finally
stopped-out. This is discussed separately under "Protective Stops" in the Ultimate Traders Package on
Demand.
20
Ultimate Traders Package on Demand
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Weekly client-only webinars that includes a LIVE! walk-through of the Forex market
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establish entry and exit positions
Weekly mentorships with the FX Chief where he’ll focus on the psychological aspects of trading
Unlimited access to a variety of archived videos on a variety of Forex topics including Fibonacci,
Equity Management and Japanese candlesticks
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covered in the Ultimate Traders Package on Demand
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Attend a free demonstration for more information about Market Traders Institute, the Ultimate Traders
Package on Demand, and the trading potential of the Currency Trading industry. Click here to reserve
your spot today!
Copyright By : Mahade Hasan
Received This Written
The 10 Keys to Successful Trading
By : Mahade Hasan
Introduction
A Trader's Mission and Goal
It is the mission of the trader to become a long-term, financially successful trader. This can be achieved
when the trader adopts and accepts The 10 Keys of Successful Trading. A trader must commit to live by
three disciplines to become a successful trader.
Three Disciplines of Successful Traders
1. A trader must believe in The 10 Keys to Successful Trading and merge them into their
personality. Success depends on creating a trading plan, and maintaining the discipline to TRADE
THAT PLAN!
2. A trader must be committed to Continuing Education. Study technical analyses and the
psychology of successful trading. A trader must make logical decisions, void of emotions, while
trading. Learn to trade in control!
3. A trader must map out a sensible equity management plan to ensure a Return On Investment.
Trade no more than 20% of a Margin Account and expose no more than 5% of that account on
any single trade.
Levels of Traders
Level One
Beginner Trader - Studies and paper trades for a minimum of one month with pretend currency, gaining
the experience required to establish a track record of profitable performance.
Level Two
Advanced Beginner - Trades one or two lots with real money, learning to overcome emotions and at the
same time, establishes a track record of making money.
Level Three
Competent Trader - Trades with control over their emotional distractions. Utilizes proper equity
management and achieves a positive financial return.
Level Four
Proficient Trader – Trades with confidence, education and experience. Achieves positive financial
returns.
Level Five
Expert Trader - Instinctively executes profitable trades without emotion.
Chapter 1
What is the Forex?
● Forex = Foreign Currency Exchange
● You can trade 24-hours a day
● The Forex is larger than all other financial markets COMBINED
The Foreign Exchange (Forex) Market is a cash, or “spot”, interbank market established in 1971 when
floating exchange rates began to materialize. This market is the arena in which the currency of one
country is exchanged for those of another, and where international business is settled.
The Forex is a group of approximately thousands of currency trading institutions that include
international banks, government central banks, and commercial companies. Payments for exports and
imports flow through the Foreign Exchange Market, as well as payments for purchases and sales of
assets. This is called the “Consumer Foreign Exchange Market.” There is also a “speculator” segment in
the Forex Market. Speculators have great financial exposure to overseas economies participating in the
Forex to offset the risks of international investing.
Historically, the Forex Interbank Market was not open to small speculators. With a previous, minimum
transaction size, and often stringent financial requirements, the small trader was excluded from
participation in this market. Today, Market Maker brokers are allowed to break down the larger
interbank units and offer small traders the opportunity to buy or sell any number of these smaller units
(lots).
Commercial Banks play two roles in the Forex Market:
(1) They facilitate transactions between two parties. For example, two companies wishing to exchange
different currencies would seek the help of a commercial bank.
(2) They speculate by buying and selling currencies. The banks take positions on certain currencies
because they believe they will be worth more if, “long”, or less if, “short”, in the future. It has been
estimated that international banks generate up to 70% of their revenues from currency speculation.
“Other” speculators include many of the worlds’ most successful traders, like George Soros.
The Forex also includes central banks from various countries, like the U.S. Federal Reserve. They
participate in the Forex to serve the financial interests of their country. When a central bank buys and
sells its own or a foreign currency, the purpose is to stabilize their own country’s currency value.
The Forex is so large and is composed of so many participants, that no one player, not even the
government central banks, can control the market. In comparison to the daily trading volume averages
of the $300 billion U.S. Treasury Bond market and the approximately $100 billion exchanged in the U.S.
stock markets, the Forex is huge, and has grown in excess of $4 trillion daily.
The word “market” is a misnomer describing Forex trading. Unlike other markets, there is not a
centralized location for trading activity. Currency trading takes place via the Internet or over the phone.
A large portion of Forex trading is done by large, international banks. These banks will process
transactions for large companies, governments and their own accounts. These banks continually provide
prices (“bid” to buy and “ask” to sell) for each other and the broader market. The market’s current price
of a particular currency is the most recent quotation from one of these banks. The “live” price
information is reported through a variety of private data reporting services and is able via the Internet.
There are numerous advantages to trading on the Forex.
Liquidity
In the Forex Market, there is a buyer and a seller! The Forex absorbs trading volumes and per trade sizes
which dwarf the capacity of any other market. On the simplest level, liquidity is a powerful attraction to
any investor. It suggests the freedom to open or close a position 24 -hours a day.
Once purchased, many other, high-return investments are difficult to sell at will. Forex traders don’t
have to worry about being “stuck” in a position due to lack of market interest. In the nearly $3.5 trillion
U.S. per day market, major international banks have “bid” (buying) and “ask” (selling) prices for
currencies.
Access
The Forex is open 24 hours a day from about 5:00 PM ET Sunday to about 4:00 PM ET Friday. An
individual trader can react to news when it breaks, rather than having to wait for the opening bell of
other markets when everyone else has the same information. This timeliness allows traders to take
positions before the news details are fully factored into the exchange rates. High liquidity and 24 hour
trading permit market participants to take positions, or exit, regardless of the hour. There are Forex
dealers in every time zone and in every major market center; Tokyo, Hong Kong, Sydney, Paris, London,
United States, et al. willing to continually quote "buy" and "sell" prices.
Since no money is left on the market table-referred to as a “Zero Sum Game” or “Zero-Sum Gain”- and
providing the trader picks the right side, money can always be made.
Two-Way Market
Currencies are traded in pairs–for example: Euro/Dollar (EUR/USD), Dollar/Yen (USD/JPY) or
Dollar/Swiss Franc (USD/CHF). Every position involves the selling of one currency and the buying of
another. If a trader believes the Swiss Franc will appreciate against the Dollar, the trader can sell Dollars
and buy Francs. This position is called "selling short".
If one holds the opposite belief, that trader can buy Dollars and sell Swiss Francs–“buying long”. The
potential for profit exists because there is always movement in the exchange rates (prices). Forex
trading permits the opportunity to capture pips from both rising and falling currency values in relation to
the Dollar. In every currency trading transaction, one side of the pair is always gaining, and the other
side is always losing.
Leverage
Trading on the Forex is done in currency “lots.” Each lot is approximately 100,000 U.S. dollars worth of a
foreign currency. To trade on the Forex market, a Margin Account must be established with a currency
broker. This is, in effect, a bank account into which profits may be deposited and losses may be
deducted. These deposits and deductions are made instantly upon exiting a position.
Brokers have differing Margin Account regulations, with many requiring a $1,000 deposit to “day-trade”
a currency lot. Day-trading is entering and exiting positions during the same trading day. For longer-term
positions, many require a $2,000 per lot deposit. In comparison to trading in stocks and other markets,
which may require a 50% margin account, a Forex speculators' excellent leverage of 1% to 2% of the
$100,000 lot value means the trader can control each lot for one to two cents on the dollar.
Execution Quality
Because the Forex is so liquid, most trades can be executed at the current market price. In all fast
moving markets (stocks, commodities, etc.), slippage is inevitable in all trading, but can be avoided with
some currency brokers' software that informs you of your exact entering price just prior to execution.
You are given the option of avoiding or accepting the slippage. The Forex Market's huge liquidity offers
the ability for high quality execution.
Confirmations of trades are immediate and the Internet trader has only to print a copy of their
computer screen for a written record of all trading activities. Many individuals feel these features of
Internet trading make it safer than using the telephone to trade. Respected firms such as Charles
Schwa b, Quick & Reilly and T.D. Water house offer Internet trading. These companies would not risk
their reputations by offering Internet service if it were not reliable and safe. In the event of a temporary
technical computer problem with the broker’s ordering system, the trader can telephone the broker 24
hours a day to immediately get in or out of a trade.
Internet brokers’ computer systems are protected by firewalls to keep account information from prying
eyes. Account security is a broker’s highest concern. They take multiple steps to eliminate any risk
associated with financial transactions on the Internet.
A Forex Internet trader does not have to speak with a broker by telephone. The elimination of the
middleman (broker/salesman) lowers expenses, makes the process of entering an order faster, and
decreases the possibility of miscommunication.
Execution Costs
Unlike other markets, the Forex generally does not charge commissions. The cost of a trade is
represented in a Bid/Ask spread established by the broker. (Approximately 4 pips)
Trendiness
Over long and short historical periods, currencies have demonstrated substantial and identifiable trends.
Each individual currency has its own “personality,” and offers a unique, historical pattern of trends that
provide diversified trading opportunities within the spot Forex market.
Focus
Instead of attempting to choose a stock, bond, mutual fund, or commodity from the tens of thousands
available in other markets, Forex traders generally focus on one to four currencies. The most common
and most liquid are the US Dollar, Japanese Yen, British Pound, Swiss Franc, Euro and Canadian Dollar.
Highly successful traders have always focused on a limited number of investment options. Beginning
Forex traders will usually focus on one currency and later incorporate one to three more into their
trading activities.
Margin Accounts
Trading on the Forex requires a Margin Account. You are committing to trade and take positions today.
As a speculator trader you will not be taking delivery on the product that you are trading. As a Stock Day
Trader, you would only hold a trading position for a few minutes, up to a few hours, and then you would
need to close out your position by the end of the trading session.
All orders must be placed through a broker. To trade stocks you would need a stockbroker. To trade
currencies you will need a Forex currency broker. Most brokerage firms have different margin
requirements. You need to ask them their margin requirements to trade currencies.
A Margin Account is nothing more than a performance bond. All traders need a Margin Account to
trade. All accounts are settled daily. When you gain profits, they place your profits into your Margin
Account that same day. When you lose money, an account is needed to take out the losses you incurred
that day.
A very important part of trading is taking out some of your winnings or profits. When the time comes to
take out your personal gains from your margin account, all you need to do is contact your broker and
ask them to send you your requested dollar amount. They will send you a check or wire transfer your
money.
Chapter 2
Reading Candlestick Charts
In the Seventeenth Century, the Japanese developed a method to analyze the price of rich contracts.
This technique was called "Candlestick Charting." Today, Steven Nison is credited with popularizing the
Candlestick Chart, and is recognized as the leading authority on interpretation of the system.
Candlesticks are graphical representations of the price fluctuations of a product. A candlestick can
represent any period of time. A currency trader’s software can provide charts representing time frames
from five minutes, up to one week per candlestick.
There are no calculations required to interpret Candlestick Charts. They are a simple visual aid
representing price movements in a given time period. Each candlestick reveals four vital pieces of
information; the opening price, the closing price, the highest price and the lowest price the fluctuations
during the time period of the candle. In much the same way as the familiar bar chart, a candle illustrates
a given measure of time. The advantage of candlesticks is that they clearly denote the relationship
between the opening and closing prices.
Because candlesticks display the relationship between the open, high, low and closing prices, they
cannot be used to chart securities that have only closing prices. Interpretation of Candlestick Charts is
based on the analysis of patterns. Currency traders predominantly use the relationship of the highs and
lows of the candlewicks over a given time period. However, Candlestick Charts offer identifiable patterns
that can be used to anticipate price movements.
There are two types of candles: The Bullish Pattern Candle and the Bearish Pattern Candle.
A white (empty body) represents a Bullish Pattern Candle.
It is used/denotes when prices open near the low price and
close near the period’s high price.
It is used/signifies when prices open near the high price and
close near the period’s low price.
Bullish Candlestick Formations
The Hammer is a Bullish Pattern if it appears after a significant downtrend. If the line occurs after a significant uptrend, it is called a Hanging Man. A small body and a long wick identify a Hammer. The body can be clear or filled in.
This is a Bullish Pattern.The first candle is a ling, Bear candle followed by a long Bull candle. The Bull candle opens lower than the Bear's low, but closes more than halfway above the middle of the Bear candle's body.
This pattern is strong Bullish if it occurs after a significant downtrend. It may also serve as a reversal pattern. It occurs when a small Bearish candle is engulfed by a large Bullish candle.
Morning Star
This is a Bullish Pattern signifying a potential botton. The star indicates a possible reversal and the bullish candle confirms this. The Star can be a Bullish or a Bearish candle.
Bullish Doji Star
This is star in dicates a reversal and a Doji indicates indecision. This pattern usually indicates a reversal following an indecisive period. You should wait for a confirmation before trading a Doji Star.
Bearish Candlestick Formations
Long Bearish Candle
A Long Bearish candle occurs when prices open near the high and close lower, near the jow.
Hanging ManThis pattern is Bearish if it occurs after a signify can't uptrend. If this pattern occurs after a significant downtrend, it is called a Hammer. A Hanging Man is identified by small candle bodies and a long wick below the bodies, and can be either Bearish or bullish.
Dark Cloud Cover This is a Bearish Pattern. The pattern is more significant if the second candle's body is below the center of the previous candle's body.
Neutral Candlestick Formations
Spinning Tops This is a neutral pattern that occurs when the distance between the high and low, and the distance between the open and close, are relatively small.
DojiThis candle implies indecision. The open and close are the same.
Double DojiThis candle ( two , adjacent Doji candles) implies that a forceful move will follow a breakout from the current indecision.
Harami
This pattern indicates a decrease in momentum. It occurs when a candle with a small body falls within the area of a larger body. In the given example a Bullish candle with a large body is followed by a small Bearish candle. This implies a decrease in the Bullish momentum.
Reversal Candlestick Formations
Long- legged Doji
This candle often signifies a Turing point. It occurs when the open and close are the same, and the range between the high and the low is relatively large.
Dragonfly DojiThis candle also signifies a turning point. It occurs when the open and close are the same, and the low is significantly lower than the open, high and closing prices.
Gravestone DojiThis candle also signifies a turning point. It occurs when the open, close and low prices are the same, and the high is significantly higher than the open, close and low prices.
StarsStars indicate reversals. A Star is a candle with a small, real body that occurs after a candle with a much larger, real body, where the real bodies do not overlap. The wicks may overlap.
Candlestick Example Charts
Exercise 1: Circle and identify the Candlestick Formations in the following chart.
Chapter 3
Types of Orders
● Sellers are ASKing for a high price
● Buyers are BIDding at a lower price
● Trading is an auction
● Slippage occurs with most Market Orders
● The difference between the ASK and the BID price is the SPREAD.
A Trader must understand what each order is and what part it plays in capturing pips.
A Forex Trader must use three (3) types of orders: a Market Order, a Limit Order, and a Stop Order.
The two, primary orders used for entering and exiting the Forex market are Limit and Stop Orders. Once
an order is placed, there are two critical procedures: One-Cancels-the-Other (OCO) and Cancel-and-
Replace Orders. Properly understanding the procedures of order execution is a vital step to capturing
pips.
Remember: All good carpenters carry a toolbox. The sharper the tools, and the more skilled the
carpenter is at using them, the more effective they are. The sharper you become as a trader, the more
efficient and lucrative you will be.
Market Orders
A Market Order is an order given to a broker to buy or sell a currency at whatever the market is trading
it for at that moment. The Market Order can be an entry order into the market, or an exit order to get
out of the market. Traders use Market Orders when they are ready to make the commitment to enter or
exit the market. Caution should be exercised when using Market Orders in fast moving markets. During
periods of rapid rallies, or down reactions, gains or losses of many points may occur due to slippage
before receiving the fill.
Trading is an auction where there are buyers bidding on what sellers are offering. The bid is the buy and
the offer to sell is the ask.
Slippage
Slippage is a trade executed between a buyer and seller where the resulting buy or sell transaction is
different than the price seen just prior to order execution. On average, one to six pips will be lost with
Market Orders, perhaps more, due to slippage. Market Orders are rarely filled at the exact, anticipated
price. Market Traders Institute recommends caution when entering or exiting with a Market Order.
Limit Orders
Limit Orders are orders given to a broker to buy or sell currency lots at a certain price or better. The
term "Limit" means exactly what it says. Most of the time, you will buy at that exact limit price or better.
Limit Orders are used to enter and exit the market. They are generally used to acquire a specific price,
avoid slippage and unwanted order fills (execution price), which can happen with Market Orders.
When selling above the market, it is a Limit Order. When buying below the market, it is a Limit Order. A
Limit Order will be executed when the market trades through it. Seventy to ninety percent of the time, if
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the market is trading at your Limit Order, it will be executed. The market must trade through your
specified Limit Order number to guarantee a fill. The trading software provides notification within
seconds of the fill. A trader does not have to call his broker to see if their order has been filled.
Stop Orders
Stop Orders are orders placed to enter or exit the market at a desired, specific price. When buying
above the market, it is a Stop Order. When selling below the market, it is a Stop Order. Stop Orders turn
into Market Orders when the market trades at that price. Stop Orders, as well as Market Orders, are
subject to slippage, Limit Orders are not.
The majority of Stop Orders are used as protective, Stop Loss Orders. These orders are placed with an
Entry Order to ensure an exit when the market goes against you. A good trader never trades without a
protective Stop Loss Order. They are orders executed to get you out of the market when your trade has
gone against you. Protective Stops are discussed in depth in the Ultimate Traders Package on Demand.
One-Cancels-the-Other (OCO)
Whenever entering the market, exiting the market at some future time is required. An OCO order is a
procedure that means "one-cancels-the-other." Upon entering the market, place a protective Stop Loss
Order and establish a projected profit target. That projected profit target can be your Limit Order.
If you simultaneously place both Limit and Stop Loss Orders when you enter the market, you can OCO
them and walk away from your computer. What does that mean? At some future point in time, either
your Stop Order or Limit Order will automatically cancel your opposing order. If the trader is sure about
a trade, they can execute an OCO order and walk away from the trade. The trading software will then
manage the trade.
Cancel/Replace Orders
A Cancel/Replace Order is a procedure and not an Entry or Exit Order. By definition, it is when the trader
cancels an existing open order and replaces it with a new order. A Cancel/Replace order is primarily a
strategy of trading and predominately used after one has taken a position in the market and wants to
stay in the market locking in profit. For example, you buy Swiss at 1.410. Your protective Stop Loss Order
is 1.390. The market moves in the direction you projected. Now, you want to reduce your potential loss.
So, cancel your Stop Order at 1.390 and replace it to 1.410 where you got in. You are now in a trade with
no risk! As the market moves further North, in your direction, you want to lock in more profit. You can
cancel your 1.410 Stop Loss Order and replace it with a new 1.440 Stop Loss Order. You have captured
30 pips. You are in an all-win, no-risk trade. Keep canceling and replacing your Stop until you are finally
stopped-out. This is discussed separately under "Protective Stops" in the Ultimate Traders Package on
Demand.
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Copyright By : Mahade Hasan
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